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30 mpg tabdu jayyidah hatta tudrik anna al-Urubiyin yaqisun iqtisad al-wuqud bil-'aks. Aw hal hum 'ala sawab? 'Indama yatahadath al-Amrikan 'an istihlak benzin mumtaz, al-arqam al-a'la afdal. Lakin 'indama yaftakhir Almani bi kafa'at sayyaratihi, yurid aqall raqam mumkin. Hadha laysa faqat wahdah mukhtalifah—innaha tariqa mu'akisah tamaman lil-tafkir fi istihlak al-wuqud. Nizam wahid yaqis kam yumkin an tasir bi kammiyyah thabitah min al-wuqud (amyal fi al-galun). Wa al-akhar yaqis kam min al-wuqud tahtaj li qat' masafah thabitah (litrat li kull 100 kilometre). Fahm kila al-nizamayn muhimm 'inda muqaranat al-sayyarat min aswaq mukhtalifah, aw qira'at al-muraja'at al-dawliyyah, aw al-tasawwuq li sayyarah fi al-kharij.
1Al-Farq al-Asasi: al-Masafah maqabil al-Istihlak
Hadha ma yu'aththir 'ala mu'zam al-nas: mpg wa L/100km la yastahdimun faqat wahdat mukhtalifah—bal yaqisun iqtisad al-wuqud min ittijahat muta'akisah. Ma'a mpg, tas'al 'Kam yumkin an adhdhab bi galun wahid?' Al-a'la afdal. Ma'a L/100km, tas'al 'Kam litran ahtaj li qat' 100 km?' Al-aqall afdal. Hadha yakhluq 'alaqah ghayr khattiyyah taj'al al-tahwil al-dhihni sa'ban.
Limadha Ikhtar al-Amrikan Amyal fi al-Galun
Asbaha nizam mpg mi'yariyan fi al-wilayat al-muttahidah khilal 'asr al-sayyarat al-mubakkir. Kan mantiqiyan li rihlat al-turuq al-tawilah: 'Ladayya khazzan benzin, kam sa-ya'khudhuny?' Kan al-Amrikan yufakkirun fi huruf al-mada wa al-hurriyyah. Kullama kanat al-raqm akbar, za'at al-masafah allati yumkin qat'uha. 'Indama darabat azmat al-naft fi al-sab'inat, asbaha mpg ikhtisaran li al-fadilah al-sayyaratiyyah.
Limadha Ikhtarat Urubba L/100km
Ittakhadha al-muhandisun al-Urubiyin nahjaan mukhtalifan. Sa'alu: 'Li rihlah mi'yariyyah 100 kilometre, ma hiya al-taklifah?' Hadha al-miqyas al-mabni 'ala al-istihlak yartabit mubashiratan bi al-infaq al-haqiqi. Idha kan al-wuqud 1.50 yuru li kull litr wa sayyaratuk tastahlik 6 L/100km, ta'rif bi al-dabt kam satukallif 100 km: 9 yuru. Al-hisab absat lil-mizaniyyah, wa hadha muhimm 'indama taj'al dara'ib al-wuqud al-benzin athlath marrat aktar taklifah min al-wilayat al-muttahidah.
Mushkilat al-'Alaqah Ghayr al-Khattiyyah
Huna yusbihu al-amr ghayr badihiyy. Al-tahsin min 10 ila 20 mpg yuwaffir wuqudan akthar bi kathir min al-tahsin min 30 ila 40 mpg. Fi L/100km, hadha wadih: al-intiqal min 23.5 ila 11.7 L/100km huwa inkhifad kabir, baynama al-intiqal min 7.8 ila 5.9 L/100km asghar bi kathir. Al-nizam al-Urubbi yaj'al mukasab al-kafa'ah ashal lil-muqaranah li'annahu khatty ma'a al-wuqud al-muwaffer fi'liyan.
2Al-Sigha al-Sihriyyah: 235 Muqassamah 'ala MPG
Hal anta musta'idd lil-ikhtisar alladhi yaj'al al-tasawwuq al-dawli lil-sayyarat mumkinan? Li tahwil mpg ila L/100km, iqsim 235 'ala raqam mpg. Lil-dhahab fi al-ittijah al-akhar, iqsim 235 'ala raqam L/100km. Limadha 235? Innahu al-thabit al-riyadiyy alladhi yarbut galanat wa litrat wa amyal wa kilumitrat.
Kayf Ta'mal al-Riyadiyyat
Al-sigha al-kamilah hiya: L/100km = 378.541 / (mpg x 1.60934). Lakin 378.541 muqassamah 'ala 1.60934 tusawi taqriban 235.2. Lidhalika nuqarrib ila 235 li hisab dhihni sahl. Li galanat al-wilayat al-muttahidah (laysa galanat al-imbraturiyyah al-Britaniyyah), hadha ya'mal bi shakl mithali: - 30 mpg = 235/30 = 7.8 L/100km - 40 mpg = 235/40 = 5.9 L/100km - 50 mpg = 235/50 = 4.7 L/100km
Tahwilat Sha'i'ah li Hifdhuha
Huna al-arqam allati tazhar akthar fi tasawwuq al-sayyarat: - 20 mpg = 11.8 L/100km (SUV kabir namudhaji) - 25 mpg = 9.4 L/100km (sidan mutawassit, mushtarak) - 30 mpg = 7.8 L/100km (sayyarah saghirah, tariq sari') - 35 mpg = 6.7 L/100km (saghirah fa''alah) - 40 mpg = 5.9 L/100km (mintaqat hibrid) - 50 mpg = 4.7 L/100km (hibrid fa''al) - 60 mpg = 3.9 L/100km (hibrid qabil lil-shahn)
Intabih li MPG al-Imbraturiyyah al-Britaniyyah
Iqtisad al-wuqud al-Britani yastakhdim galanat imbraturiyyah, wa hiya akbar bi 20% min galanat al-wilayat al-muttahidah. Sayyarah Britaniyyah musannafah bi 50 mpg (imbraturiyy) hiya fi'liyan hawali 42 mpg (amriki). 'Inda tahwil muwasafat UK ila L/100km, istakhdim 282 badalan min 235. Hadha yufaji' kathir min al-mushtarin 'inda istirad al-markabat aw qira'at muraja'at al-sayyarat al-Britaniyyah.
3Tatbiqat 'Alamiyyah Haqiqiyyah
Ma'rifat hadhihi al-tahwilat muhimmah fi mawaqif 'amaliyyah mufaji'ah. Sawa' kunta taqra' muraja'at sayyarat dawliyyah, aw tuqarin istiraadan Urubiyan ma'a namadhij mahaliyyah, aw tasta'jir sayyarah fi al-kharij, fa-tarjamat mpg-ila-L/100km tusa'iduk 'ala ittikhadh qararat mustanirah.
Muqaranat Muraja'at al-Sayyarat al-Dawliyyah
Majallah Britaniyyah tushayyid bi sayyarah li tahqiqiha 45 mpg (imbraturiyy). Mawqi' Almani yusannif nafs al-sayyarah bi 6.3 L/100km. Muraji' Amriki yaqul 37 mpg. Hal yatanaqadun? Fi al-waqi', kulluhum yaqulun nafs al-shay' taqriban—tahtaj faqat al-tahwil. 45 UK mpg = 282/45 = 6.3 L/100km = 235/6.3 = 37 US mpg.
Isti'jar al-Sayyarat fi Urubba
Al-sayyarat al-musta'jarah al-Urubbiyyah tu'rid L/100km 'ala lawhat al-qiyadah. Idha kunta mu'tadan 'ala mpg, qad tabdu qira'at '8.5' bila ma'na. Al-aan ta'rif: 235/8.5 = hawali 28 mpg. Anta basha'a fi hala jayyidah. Idha 'aradat al-shasha '12', qad targhab fi takhfif al-daws 'ala dawwasat al-wuqud—hadha bi al-kad 20 mpg.
Tasawwuq al-Istiradat
Sayyarat al-suq al-mahalli al-Yabani ghaliban tastakhdim km/L (kilometre fi al-litr), laysa L/100km. Hadha 'aks akhar: akthar km/L afdal. Lil-tahwil: 100 muqassamah 'ala km/L tu'tik L/100km. Sayyarah musannafah bi 20 km/L = 5 L/100km = hawali 47 mpg. Al-istiradat min al-suq al-ramadiyy min al-Yaban yumkin an tuqaddim kafa'ah mumtazah idha kunta ta'rif kayf taqra' al-muwasafat.
4Limadha al-Farq Muhimm Haqqan
Ma wara' tahwil al-wahdat, yakshif jidal mpg maqabil L/100km 'an shay' a'maq hawla kayfiyyat tafkirina fi al-kafa'ah. Ikhtiyar nizam al-qiyas yu'aththir 'ala suluk al-mustahlik wa hatta al-siyasah al-hukumiyyah.
Wahm al-MPG
Tuzhir al-abhath anna al-Amrikan yuqallilun bi shakl munazzam min taqdir wafrat al-wuqud 'inda istikhdam mpg. 'Inda su'alihim ayyuhuma yuwaffir akthar wuqud—al-tarqi min 10 ila 20 mpg, aw min 30 ila 40 mpg—yaqul mu'zamuhum annahuma mutasawiyatani aw anna 30-ila-40 afdal. Fi al-waqi', al-intiqal min 10 ila 20 mpg (takhfid al-istihlak min 23.5 ila 11.8 L/100km) yuwaffir 11.7 litran li kull 100 km. Al-intiqal min 30 ila 40 mpg (7.8 ila 5.9 L/100km) yuwaffir faqat 1.9 litr. Miqyas mpg yukhfi hadha.
Tada'iyyat al-Siyasah
Tastakhdim al-Mufawdiyyah al-Urubbiyyah L/100km li ma'ayir al-inbi'athat tamaman li'anna hadha yaj'al ahdaf al-kafa'ah awdah. 'Indama taqul 'khafdh ila 4 L/100km,' ya'rif al-musanni'un bi al-dabt kam min al-wuqud yajib tawfiruh. Bada'at EPA al-Amrikiyyah 'ard 'galanat li kull 100 mil' 'ala mulasaqat al-nawafidh janb mpg li mu'alajat mushkilat al-wahm. Kila al-qiyasayn yazharan li'anna la wahid minhuma yarwi al-qissah al-kamilah.
Al-Markabat al-Kahrabaiyyah Tughayyir Kull Shay'
Tudkhil al-sayyarat al-kahrabaiyyah mutaghayyir akhar fi al-khalit. Al-wilayat al-muttahidah tastakhdim MPGe (amyal li kull mu'adil galun), haythu 33.7 kWh tusawi galun wahid min al-benzin. Urubba tastakhdim kWh/100km. Tesla Model 3 qad tusannaf 134 MPGe fi al-wilayat al-muttahidah wa 14.3 kWh/100km fi Urubba. Al-'alaqah al-'aksiyyah mustamirrah: lil-markabat al-kahrabaiyyah, akthar MPGe wa aqall kWh/100km kilahuma ya'nian kafa'ah afdal.
نصائح احترافية
- 1Tahwil sari': 235 muqassamah 'ala mpg tusawi L/100km (wa al-'aks)
- 2Aqall L/100km afdal; akthar mpg afdal—ya'malun fi ittijahat muta'akisah
- 3Li mpg al-imbraturiyyah al-Britaniyyah, istakhdim 282 badalan min 235 fi sighat al-tahwil
- 4Sayyarah tastakhdim 8 L/100km tukallif hawali 12 yuru li kull 100 km bi as'ar al-wuqud al-Urubbiyyah
- 5Inda al-isti'jar fi Urubba, qira'at lawhat al-qiyadah 6-8 L/100km tushir ila kafa'ah jayyidah
Inqisam mpg maqabil L/100km laysa faqat hawla al-arqam—innahu tariqatan mukhtalifatan lil-tafkir fi iqtisad al-wuqud. Yas'al al-Amrikiyun kam sa-ya'khudhuhum wuquduhum; yas'al al-Urubbiyyun kam satukallif rihlatuhum. La ahad minhum mukhti', lakin ma'rifat kayf tutarjim baynahuma yaftah suq al-sayyarat al-'alami. Tadhakkar al-raqm al-sihri: 235. Iqsimhu 'ala mpg li tahsul 'ala L/100km, aw iqsimhu 'ala L/100km li tahsul 'ala mpg. Ma'a hadhihi al-sigha al-basitah, yumkinuk muqaranat ayy markabah min ayy suq wa ittikhadh khiyarat adhka' sawa' kunta tashtari, aw tasta'jir, aw faqat taqra' al-muraja'at.
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