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Historical trade systems created various ounce standards. The avoirdupois ounce (28.35g) is used for general weights. The troy ounce (31.1g) is used for precious metals - a tradition from Troyes, France, a major trading center. Fluid ounces measure volume, not weight. The troy system's persistence in precious metals prevents confusion in international gold and silver markets.

For baking precision, use exact conversions: 1 oz = 28.35g. Many ingredients have standard conversions: 1 cup flour = 120g = 4.2 oz, 1 cup sugar = 200g = 7 oz. Digital scales are best - they show both units. For cooking (not baking), approximate conversions usually work: 25g ≈ 1 oz, 100g ≈ 3.5 oz, 500g ≈ 18 oz.

For amounts under 10g (0.35 oz), precision matters. Use a digital scale with 0.1g or 0.01 oz resolution. For cooking, measuring spoons work: 1 teaspoon = ~5g, 1 tablespoon = ~15g. For supplements or medications, always use a proper scale. Kitchen scales typically aren't accurate below 2g.

In the US, FDA requires metric units (grams) for nutritional information but allows dual labeling with ounces for consumer familiarity. Serving sizes must be in common household measures (cups, pieces) with metric equivalents. This dual system helps consumers while promoting metric awareness. Most countries use only grams.

Most countries use grams for postal rates, but thresholds vary. US uses ounces domestically but grams for international. Common limits: Letters 20-50g, Large envelopes 100-500g, Packages start at 500g. Critical thresholds: 1 oz (28g), 16 oz/1 lb (454g), 2 kg (international limit). Always round up and check dimensional weight.