تحويل الكيلومتر في الساعة إلى سرعة الصوت: الطيران والفضاء والأرصاد الجوية

At sea level in standard conditions (15°C), the speed of sound is approximately 1,225 km/h (340.3 meters per second). However, this speed decreases with altitude due to lower temperatures. At 10,000 meters altitude where temperatures reach -50°C, the speed of sound drops to approximately 1,050 km/h. Commercial aircraft cruise at 900-950 km/h, which represents 0.73-0.78 Mach at sea level but 0.86-0.90 Mach at cruise altitude. This temperature-dependent variation is why pilots use Mach numbers for high-altitude operations.

Mach numbers indicate speed relative to the local speed of sound, which varies dramatically with altitude and temperature. Aircraft aerodynamic behavior, shock wave formation, and structural stress depend on Mach number, not absolute speed. A Boeing 787 flying at 900 km/h experiences different aerodynamic forces at sea level (0.735 Mach) versus 43,000 feet (0.743 Mach at -57°C). Additionally, aircraft have maximum Mach limitations (critical Mach) that prevent dangerous shock wave formation. Pilots must understand Mach numbers to operate safely within aircraft performance envelopes and comply with airspace speed restrictions that specify both absolute speeds and Mach limits.